If you often find yourself running a ps awux |grep something just to find the PID of a job you'd like to kill, then you should take a look at some of the more modern process manipulation packages.
Probably the best known process tools package is procps, the same package that includes the Linux version of the ubiquitous top command. The top tool is so tremendously useful and flexible that it deserves its own discussion.
Among the other nifty utilities included in procps:
skill lets you send signals to processes by name, terminal, username, or PID. snice does the same but renices processes instead of sending them signals.
For example, to freeze the user on terminal pts/2:
[root@host]# skill -STOP pts/2
To release them from the grip of sleeping death, try this:
[root@host]# skill -CONT pts/2
Or to renice all of luser's processes to 5:
[root@host]# snice +5 luser
pkill is similar to skill, but with more formal parameters. Rather than attempting to guess whether you are referring to a username, process name, or terminal, you specify them explicitly with switches. For example, these two commands do the same thing:
[root@host]# skill -KILL rob bash [root@host]# pkill -KILL -u rob bash
pkill may take slightly more typing, but is guaranteed to be unambiguous (assuming that you happened to have a user and a process with the same name, for example).
pgrep works just like pkill, but instead of sending a signal to each process, it simply prints the matching PID(s) on STDOUT:
[root@host]# pgrep httpd 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216
Finally, vmstat gives you a nice, easily parsed pinpoint measurement of virtual memory and cpu statistics:
[root@host]# vmstat procs memory swap io system cpu r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id 0 0 0 5676 6716 35804 58940 0 0 9 9 7 9 0 0 29
If you'd like to watch how usage changes over time, give it a number on the command line. The number represents the number of seconds to pause before displaying the results of another measurement.
Learning how to use the lesser known procps utilities can save you lots of typing, not to mention wincing. Use skill or pkill to avoid accidentally mistyping a PID argument to kill, and suddenly bringing sshd (and the wrath of many angry users) down upon your unfortunate sysadmin head.
